In the user manual chapter 8 we describe the difference between update and upgrade.
Update mean only PHP code update and no DB layout modification. This is for example security fixes or bug fixes.
Upgrade mean that the DB layout is modified.
When upgrading an extension in the master that also has an impact in the DB layout, you have to re-apply the install in each slave site to let the extension proceed with the DB layout modifications.
In case of JomSocial, this was more complex because this extension has 2 names.
A public name = 'JomSocial' and an internal name that is 'Community'.
So the problem is to re-install JomSocial from a slave site.
In JMS 1.2.58, we changed the Slave site installer to now accept 'Community' as a synonym of 'JomSocial'.
So now you can re-install JomSocial from a slave site to let it perform the DB modifications.
The procedure to get the latest version is present in the FAQ.
www.jms2win.com/en/faq/faq-joomla-multi-sites#cat-122